Note: Links are likely to be outdated.
Introduction
Having Singapore laws on the Internet really took off in 1998 with the launch of Legal Workbench, a subscription service aimed at the legal professionals. This is Singapore’s first comprehensive source of primary legal resources available on the Internet. Law reports, legislation, parliamentary reports and unreported judgments can be found in Legal Workbench.
Since then Singapore legal resources on the Internet has grown in geometric proportions with many freely accessible resources.
The Singapore Legal System
As a former British Crown Colony, the Singapore Legal System is based on the English common law system. The term “Common Law” is usually taken to mean the unwritten law and legal customs which have been recognised and given the force of law. Common law is “unwritten” in the sense that the law was not embodied in a code or statute but is found in the recorded judgments of those judges who interpreted the law. These judgments have been recorded in various law reports and text-books.
It should also be mentioned that although Singapore Law has predominantly an English common law flavour (as modified by statutes), there is some degree of pluralism in that Muslim Law governs the Muslim community in religion, matrimonial and related matters and is administered by a separate system of courts known as the Syariah Courts.
The supreme law in Singapore is its Constitution. The Constitution provides for written laws or statutes to be enacted by Parliament. In Singapore, the Parliament is a unicameral legislature, ie “one chamber”. A piece of legislation starts as a Bill. When a Bill is passed, it becomes an Act of Parliament. However, the Act only comes into force with the President’s assent and is published in the Gazette with a specified date when the Act comes into force.
It is common practice in Singapore for Acts of Parliament to confer powers on a Minister or other persons or bodies to make rules or regulations for specified purposes. Such rules and regulations are known as subsidiary legislation.
Judicial power in Singapore is vested in the Supreme Court and in the Subordinate Courts. The Supreme Court consists of the High Court and the Courts of Appeal. The Subordinate Courts consist of District Courts and Magistrates’ Courts. Both the Supreme Court and the Subordinate Courts handle civil and criminal cases. The Subordinate Courts, being a lower court, deals with the “smaller” cases.
A List Of Singapore Legal Resources on the Internet:
Singapore Sources
- Singapore Legislation
- Bills http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Legislation/Htdocs/leg-main.html Full texts of bills introduced in the 10th Parliament. Published on the Singapore Parliament website.
- Electronic Gazette (eGazette) http://www.egazette.com.sg The electronic version of the Singapore Government Gazette is published daily and is available to the general public for viewing for 5 days. Official documents include (i) Bills Supplement; (ii) Acts Supplement; (iii) Subsidiary Legislation Supplement; (iv) Industrial Relations Supplement; and (v) Treaties Supplement.
- LawNet: Legal Workbench http://www.lawnet.com.sg/ Subscription database administered by the Singapore Academy of Law containing Singapore statutes, subsidiary legislation, Parliament reports and treaties.
- Select Committee Reports http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publication/Htdocs/Pub_selco_report.html Select Committee Reports from 19 January 2004 are available on the Singapore Parliament website.
- Singapore Parliament Reports System http://www.parliament.gov.sg/parlweb/hansard_search_latest.jsp Searchable database of official parliamentary debates from 25 March 2002 made available by the Singapore Parliament. Alternatively, browse the reverse chronological list of debates at http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publication/Htdocs/Pub_parlp_report.html.
- Singapore Statutes Online http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/ Full texts of updated Singapore statutes, including the legislative history of each Act. Administered by the Attorney-General’s Chambers.
- Rules of Court http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=97 Rules made pursuant to the Supreme Court of Judicature Act relating to all proceedings within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and Subordinate Courts. Published by the Subordinate Courts.
- Women’s Charter and others http://www.familycourtofsingapore.gov.sg/principles/act353/acts_act353_frame.htm The Women’s Charter and rules issued under the Act are made available by the Family Court of Singapore.
- Singapore Case Law
- LawNet: Legal Workbench http://www.lawnet.com.sg/ Subscription database containing entire Singapore case law, including: (i) Singapore Law Reports; (ii) Malayan Law Journal; (iii) Academy Digest; and (iv) Unreported judgments.
- LawNet: Latest Supreme Court Cases http://lwb.lawnet.com.sg/lglweb/lgl/urjfeed/supreme.jsp Free access to the latest Supreme Court cases.
- LawNet: Latest Subordinate Courts Cases http://lwb.lawnet.com.sg/lglweb/lgl/urjfeed/subordinate.jsp Free access to the latest Subordinate Courts cases.
- LawNet: Latest Family & Juvenile Courts Cases http://lwb.lawnet.com.sg/lglweb/lgl/urjfeed/family.jsp Free access to the latest Family & Juvenile Courts cases.
- Business Times Admiralty Casebook http://btsearch.asia1.com.sg/query.html?qt=admiralty+casebook§ions= Weekly Friday column in the Shipping Times carrying local and foreign admiralty court decisions.
- Family Case Search http://app.familycourtofsingapore.gov.sg/search.asp A searchable database of cases maintained by the Family Court of Singapore. Judgments on procedure in the Family Court are also available.
- Singapore Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy decisions http://www.disputemanager.com.sg/sdrp/Proceedings_info.asp These are administrative panel decisions concerning domain name disputes for SGNIC.
- Trade Mark Decisions http://www.ipos.gov.sg/main/legalresources/legaldecisions.html Summaries of grounds of decisions made by the Registry of Trade Marks (1999-). The summaries are for information only and are not meant to be a comprehensive.
- Singapore Legal Dictionaries
- Singapore Legal Abbreviations http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/llb/internet/spore_abbrev.html Abbreviations for law reports and journals published in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Based on the holdings of the C J Koh Law Library.
- Parliamentary Glossary http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publication/Htdocs/Pub_gloss.html Glossary of terms used in Parliament.
- Plain English for Latin Expressions http://www.sal.org.sg/Pdf/Law%20Reform%20Committee%20-%20Latin%20Lexicon.pdf Prepared by the Law Reform Committee of the Singapore Academy of Law, this lexicon “compiles some common Latin expressions used in legal parlance and provides their corresponding plain English translation”.
- Singapore Legal Directories
- The Law Society of Singapore Directory http://www.lawsociety.org.sg/ Directory of advocates and solicitors, law practices, joint law ventures, commissioners for oaths, notaries public, legalservices and other legal bodies.
- National University of Singapore Law Library – Law Directory http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/llb/internet/spore_dir.html Directory includes a listing of organisations involved in legal education.
- Singapore Regulatory & Other Rules
- SIAC Arbitration Rules http://www.siac.org.sg/rules.htm The SIAC rules and the SIAC Domestic Arbitration Rules are published by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC).
- Internet Regulatory Framework http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.www/devnpolicies.aspx?sid=161 The Media Development Authority regulates Internet Service Providers and Internet Content Providers through the Class Licence scheme and Internet Code of Practice.
- MAS – Legislation & Notices http://www.mas.gov.sg/ The Monetary Authority of Singapore publishes statutes, regulations and notices which it administers as well as other legislation which govern the financial industry in Singapore.
- ACRA Practice Directions http://www.acra.gov.sg/legislation/index.html Practice Directions of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority beginning with PD 1 of 1999.
- Building and Construction Authority Codes http://www.bca.gov.sg/stats_publications/publication/codes/codes_regulations.html Full texts of the Code on Barrier-Free Accessibility in Buildings, and Code of Practice on Buildable Design.
- Code of Consumer Banking Practice http://www.abs.org.sg/consumerbankingpractice.htm The Code as published by the Association of Banks of Singapore.
- Code of Corporate Governance http://www.ccdg.gov.sg Apart from the Council on Corporate Disclosure and Governance webpage, the Final Report of the Corporate Governance Committee, and Code of Corporate Governance are available at the following websites: (i) Ministry of Finance; and (ii) Singapore Exchange.
- Code of Practice; Code of Ethics for an Arbitrator http://www.siac.org.sg/codeofethics.htm The full text of this code is made available by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC).
- IDA Singapore – Policy and Regulation http://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/pnr/index.jsp Codes of practice and guidelines regulating the IT and telecommunications sectors, including the Telecom Competition Code. Published by the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore.
- Insolvency & Public Trustee’s Office Practice Circulars http://www.minlaw.gov.sg/ipto/Practice%20Circulars.html Official Assignee (2002-), Public Trustee (2000-) and Official Receiver (2001-) practice circulars.
- Maritime and Port Authority Circulars http://www.mpa.gov.sg/circulars_and_notices/intro/intro.htm Full texts of the MPA’s port (1997-) and shipping (1986-) circulars.
- Media Competition Code http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.www/devnpolicies.aspx?sid=138 The Code of Practice for Market Conduct in the Provision of Mass Media Services released by the Media Development Authority.
- Competition Commission Guidelines http://www.ccs.gov.sg/guidelines.html Guidelines issued by The Competition Commission of Singapore.
- National Environment Agency – Publications http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/category_sub.asp?cid=47 The Agency’s codes of practice, guide books and handbooks regulating the environment.
- SGX Rulebooks/Manual http://info.sgx.com/SGXWeb_RMR.nsf/NEWDOCNAME/Rulebooks_and_Manuals The following are published by the Singapore Exchange:(i) The Listing Manual; (ii) SGX Securities Trading Rules; and (iii) SGX Derivatives Trading Rules.
- Singapore Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy http://www.disputemanager.com.sg/sdrp/what.asp Full text of the SDRP, Rules and Supplemental Rules.
- Singapore General Insurance Code of Practice http://www.gia.org.sg/codeofpractice.cfm Dated November 2000 and published by the General Insurance Association of Singapore.
- Singapore Land Authority Circulars http://www.sla.gov.sg/circulars/circulars.html Land Survey (1991-), Land Registry (2003-) and Land Sales (2000-) circulars.
- Subordinate Courts of Singapore Practice Directions http://www.subcourts.gov.sg/Practice_Directions.htm The Subordinate Courts Practice Directions (2004 Ed).
- Supreme Court Policies and Procedures http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=98 Practice Directions as at 5 September 2004, and Registrar’s Circulars (2000-).
- IRAS E-Tax Guides http://www.iras.gov.sg/ESVPortal/tax_resources/tax_guide/index.asp E-Tax Guides is an electronic store of tax guides. It aims to provide convenient and timely access to tax information.
- Singapore Government Reports
- Law Reform Reports http://lwb.lawnet.com.sg/legal/lgl/html/free/lrcr.htm Reports of the Law Reform Committee of the Singapore Academy of Law, and the Law Reform and Revision Division of the Attorney-General’s Chambers published on LawNet.
- Publications – Attorney General’s Chambers of Singapore http://www.agc.gov.sg/index3.htm Website containing full texts of the AGC’s law reform reports and consultation papers.
- Singapore International Treaties
- Free Trade Agreements http://app.fta.gov.sg/asp/fta/ourfta.asp Full texts of free trade agreements concluded between Singapore and other countries.
- Tax Treaties http://www.iras.gov.sg/ESVPortal/tax_resources/treaties/index.asp The Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements concluded by Singapore since 1965 are listed here.
- Singapore Legal Periodicals & Articles
- ACRA Legal Digest http://www.acra.gov.sg/legislation/index.html Full text. 2003-
- Ong Tay & Partners’ Articles https://otp.sg/our-journals Full text. 1998-
- ADR Bulletin http://www.sal.org.sg/media_ADRbulletin.htm Full text. Sept 1999-
- Allen & Gledhill Legal Bulletin http://www.gledhill.com.sg/legalupdates.html Full text. Dec 2002-
- Articles & Insight (Khattar Wong & Partners) http://www.khattarwong.com.sg/newscentre.php Full text. Jan 2001-
- Inter Se http://www.sal.org.sg/media_newslttr.htm (previously SAL Newsletter) Full text. May/June 2002-
- Law Gazette http://www.lawgazette.com.sg/ Full text. Jan 2000-
- LawLink http://www.law.nus.edu.sg/alumni/lawlink.htm Full text. Jan/June 2002-
- Singapore Journal of Legal Studies (SJLS) http://law.nus.edu.sg/sjls/ Abstracts. 1991- & Selected full texts. July 1998-
- Singapore Law Review http://law.nus.edu.sg/lawclub/slr/ Content information. 1998-
- Singapore Year Book of International Law http://law.nus.edu.sg/sybil/ (previously Journal of International and Comparative Law). Content information. 1997Vol.1 No.1-. Selected full texts. 2004 Vol.8.
- Articles on Family Law and Court Procedures http://www.subcourts.gov.sg/family/principles/articles_main.htm By Family Court of Singapore
- SMU Department of Law publications http://www.business.smu.edu.sg/law/publications/journal_articles.html A list of articles published by Department of Law, Singapore Management University. Selected full text.
International Sources
- LexisNexis http://www.lexis.com/ Singapore Law Reports from March 1991 onwards are available in this subscription database.
- World Legal Information Institute http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/257.html Provides free, independent and non-profit access to worldwide law including Singapore’s.
- Findlaw http://www.findlaw.com/12international/countries/sg.html Findlaw’s resources on Singapore
- Law Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/singapore.html Law Library of Congress resources on Singapore
Lay Person Sources
- WWLegal.com http://www.wwlegal.com Information on the laws of Singapore found on WWLegal.com, an online legal portal.
- Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_Singapore Information on the laws of Singapore found on Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia.
- GetForme Singapore Law http://www.getforme.com/Info_singaporelaw.htm General information on the laws of Singapore found on GetForme, a Singapore portal Website.